# H.R. 28 (119th): Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025

Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 This bill generally prohibits school athletic programs from allowing individuals whose biological sex at birth was male to participate in programs that are for women or girls. Specifically, the bill provides that it is a violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 for federally funded education programs or activities to operate, sponsor, or facilitate athletic programs or activities that allow individuals of the male sex to participate in programs or activities that are designated for women or girls. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in federally funded education programs or activities, including in public elementary and secondary schools and in colleges and universities.) Under the bill, sex is based on an individual's reproductive biology and genetics at birth. The bill does not prohibit male individuals from training or practicing with programs or activities for women or girls as long as such training or practice does not deprive any female of corresponding opportunities or benefits. The Government Accountability Office must report on the benefits for women or girls in single-sex sports that would be lost as a result of male participation. In particular, the report must document the negative psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological effects of male participation on girls.

## How this bill is scored

Tier: capped at tier 2.
Lane: abuse_accountability. Category: justice_truth. Lane tag: general equity.
Lane: defends_children. Category: children. Lane tag: command.
Lane: family_policy. Category: children. Lane tag: command.
Lane: gao_report. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Lane: girls_safety. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Lane: sex_based_protection. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Lane: title_ix. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Lane: womens_sports. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Tier 1 sign-off: no record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
Cap: tier 2. The Design B factor of 0.5 applies to residual and exposure.
Review note: House version of S. 9. Title IX athletics (sex recognized by reproductive biology at birth). Tier 1 is reserved for the gravest matters (taking innocent life, sexual corruption of children), applied equally to all parties. This bill still scores in its protective direction, but only at tier 2; a cloture nay on it is a grave compromise, not a disqualifier.
Stored polarity: good. A yea supports the bill. A nay is the penalized direction when the tag is scored as a protection. A yea on a credit tag is a credit.
Roll 11: On Motion to Recommit. Vote type: recommit.
Roll 12: On Passage. Vote type: final_passage.
Polarity rationale: Reviewed enrichment (llm_import) polarity: The measure's operative purpose is to protect girls in federally funded school athletics by keeping designated women's and girls' programs sex-separated and by restraining the displacement of female opportunities. This is a direct protective measure for minors rather than a generic administrative adjustment. Reasonable disagreement exists over the empirical and policy questions, but the bill's main thrust is protective rather than harmful.
Theological note: Scripture grounds sexual difference in creation (Genesis 1:27), which bears on the justice owed to girls in sex-separated athletics. The bill's core aim of protecting girls' sex-based opportunities and safety in school sports is relevant to concerns about minors, bodily integrity, and fair dealing. Its empirical claims and enforcement design remain matters of prudential judgment, so this summary assesses issue relevance only.

## Recorded votes

Roll 11: On Motion to Recommit. Yea 208 · Nay 218 · Other 8.
Roll 12: On Passage. Yea 218 · Nay 206 · Other 10.

HTML: https://justmeasure.org/bill/hr-28-119/