# S.J.Res. 104 (119th): A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

## How this bill is scored

Tier: no Tier 1 record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
Lane: de_escalation. Category: war_peace. Lane tag: prudential.
Lane: unauthorized_hostilities. Category: war_peace. Lane tag: general equity.
Lane: war_powers. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
Tier 1 sign-off: no record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
Stored polarity: good. A yea supports the bill. A nay is the penalized direction when the tag is scored as a protection. A yea on a credit tag is a credit.
Roll 46: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 104. Vote type: discharge.
Polarity rationale: Reviewed enrichment (llm_import) polarity: The bill directly restrains hostilities that lack congressional authorization, which is a restraint on unjust war-making and an assertion of constitutional accountability. Its explicit defensive carve-out keeps the restraint narrow and does not hinder defense against attack, so the measure reads as restraining an identifiable harm rather than as a prudential dispute.
Theological note: The measure bears on the Reformed concern that the sword be wielded only under lawful and accountable authority, consistent with Romans 13 and the just-war requirement of legitimate authorization. It also touches the restraint of unjust killing and the duty of rulers to act within constitutional limits. It preserves defensive action against attack, which fits the classical distinction between defense and aggression.

## Recorded votes

Roll 46: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 104. Yea 47 · Nay 53 · Other 0.

HTML: https://justmeasure.org/bill/sjres-104-119/