S.J.Res. 185 (119th): A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

This joint resolution directs the President to remove U.S. Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Iran unless Congress has enacted a declaration of war or an authorization for the use of military force for that purpose. It states that it does not prevent the U.S. from defending against an attack on the United States or on its personnel or facilities in other nations.

Theological note: The measure concerns whether the use of military force against Iran is subject to congressional authorization. From a Reformed view, decisions to wield the sword belong under lawful, accountable authority, and unjust war is a grave moral concern. The defense carve-out keeps the measure focused on restraining unauthorized offensive hostilities rather than hindering the defense of persons and property.

• Tier: no Tier 1 record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
• Lane: de_escalation. Category: war_peace. Lane tag: prudential.
• Lane: just_war. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
• Lane: restraint. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
• Lane: war. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
• Lane: war_powers. Category: not stored. Lane tag: not stored.
• Tier 1 sign-off: no record. A bill with no record cannot newly become Tier 1.
• Stored polarity: good. A yea supports the bill. A nay is the penalized direction when the tag is scored as a protection. A yea on a credit tag is a credit.
• Roll 192: On the Motion to Proceed S.J.Res. 185. Vote type: cloture.
• Roll 129: On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 185. Vote type: discharge.
• Polarity rationale: Reviewed enrichment (llm_import) polarity: The bill directly restrains hostilities that lack congressional authorization, which is a restraint on possible unjust war. Its express defensive exception and its focus on constitutional authorization keep the judgment from being inflated beyond what the text supports, so it is classed as good rather than mixed.
• Theological note: The measure concerns whether the use of military force against Iran is subject to congressional authorization. From a Reformed view, decisions to wield the sword belong under lawful, accountable authority, and unjust war is a grave moral concern. The defense carve-out keeps the measure focused on restraining unauthorized offensive hostilities rather than hindering the defense of persons and property.

Debt and war Cloture and Tier 1 Procedural votes Scoring mechanics de escalation